Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer

Nutrients. 2020 Mar 13;12(3):761. doi: 10.3390/nu12030761.

Abstract

Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid's anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.

Keywords: Epigenetics; breast cancer; chromatin modification; flavonoids; methylation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Breast Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Breast Neoplasms / therapy
  • Catechin / analogs & derivatives
  • Catechin / pharmacology
  • Chromatin / drug effects
  • DNA Modification Methylases / drug effects
  • Epigenesis, Genetic / drug effects*
  • Female
  • Flavonoids / pharmacology*
  • Genes, Tumor Suppressor / drug effects
  • Genistein / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Polyphenols / pharmacology*
  • Resveratrol / pharmacology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Chromatin
  • Flavonoids
  • Polyphenols
  • Catechin
  • Genistein
  • DNA Modification Methylases
  • gallocatechol
  • Resveratrol