Exploring the role of environmental enteropathy in malnutrition, infant development and oral vaccine response

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jun 19;370(1671):20140143. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0143.

Abstract

Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a poorly defined state of intestinal inflammation without overt diarrhoea that occurs in individuals exposed over time to poor sanitation and hygiene. It is characterized pathologically by small intestine villous blunting and inflammation. In children from low-income countries, it is implicated as a cause of malnutrition, oral vaccine failure and impaired cognitive development. Here we review the search for non-invasive biomarkers to measure EE non-invasively, and assess the current evidence linking EE to malnutrition, vaccine failure and neurocognitive development.

Keywords: environmental enteropathy; oral polio vaccine; rotavirus vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Child Development
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
  • Intestinal Diseases / complications*
  • Intestinal Diseases / immunology
  • Malnutrition*
  • Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines / immunology*

Substances

  • Vaccines