Abstract
The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. We suggest that free radical scavengers could be beneficial for the most vulnerable patients.
MeSH terms
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Acetylcysteine / therapeutic use
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Antioxidants / therapeutic use*
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Betacoronavirus / drug effects
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Betacoronavirus / immunology
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity*
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections / drug therapy*
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Coronavirus Infections / immunology
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Coronavirus Infections / virology
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Cytokines / genetics
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Cytokines / immunology
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Extracellular Traps / drug effects
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Extracellular Traps / immunology
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Extracellular Traps / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Glycine / analogs & derivatives
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Glycine / therapeutic use
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / drug effects
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate / drug effects
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Lung / drug effects
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Lung / immunology*
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Lung / pathology
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Lung / virology
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Lymphocytes / drug effects
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Lymphocytes / immunology
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Lymphocytes / virology
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / genetics
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / immunology
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NF-kappa B / genetics
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NF-kappa B / immunology
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Neutrophils / drug effects*
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Neutrophils / immunology
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Neutrophils / virology
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Oxidative Stress / drug effects
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / drug therapy*
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Pneumonia, Viral / immunology
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology
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Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory / therapeutic use
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Reactive Oxygen Species / antagonists & inhibitors
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Reactive Oxygen Species / immunology
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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SARS-CoV-2
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Severity of Illness Index
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Sulfonamides / therapeutic use
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Superoxide Dismutase / genetics
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Superoxide Dismutase / immunology
Substances
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Antioxidants
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Cytokines
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2
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NF-kappa B
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NFE2L2 protein, human
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Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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Sulfonamides
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sivelestat
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SOD3 protein, human
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Superoxide Dismutase
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Glycine
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Acetylcysteine