Differences in the dietary requirement for vitamin D among Caucasian and East African women at Northern latitude

Eur J Nutr. 2019 Sep;58(6):2281-2291. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1775-1. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Abstract

Context: Current vitamin D recommendations have been established based on an assumption that there are no differences between Caucasian and other ethnic/racial groups in terms of vitamin D requirements. This assumption, largely made due to the absence of data, is a key knowledge gap identified by a number of authorities.

Objective: To test whether the distribution of dietary requirements for maintaining winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations ≥ 30 nmol/L (a priority threshold linked to vitamin D deficiency prevention) differ between Caucasian and Somali women living at northerly latitude.

Methods: We used data from a 5-month, winter-based, vitamin D3 dose-related randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Somali (n 47) and Causcian women (n 69), aged 21-64-year old, living in Southern Finland (60°N), to model the vitamin D intake-serum 25(OH)D dose-response relationship. Regression analyses were used to predict the vitamin D intake required to maintain 97.5% (as well as 50, 90, and 95%) of women in both ethnic groups above serum 25(OH)D thresholds of 30, 40 and 50 nmol/L.

Results: Using a model which adjusted for baseline 25(OH)D, age, and BMI, the estimated vitamin D intake that maintained serum 25(OH)D ≥ 30 nmol/L in 97.5% of Caucasian and Somali women was 8 and 18 µg/day, respectively. Ethnic differences were also evident at 40 and 50 nmol/L serum 25(OH)D thresholds.

Conclusion: The present study adds further evidence that ethnic differences in the dietary requirement for vitamin D do exist and that dose-response vitamin D intervention studies are required in at-risk target populations specified by ethnicity.

Keywords: Dietary reference values; Ethnic-related differences; RCT; Vitamin D requirements.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Black People / statistics & numerical data*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Finland / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Nutritional Requirements*
  • Nutritional Status
  • Somalia / ethnology
  • Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives
  • Vitamin D / blood*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / blood*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / epidemiology*
  • White People / statistics & numerical data*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Vitamin D
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D