Magnesium: its proven and potential clinical significance

South Med J. 2001 Dec;94(12):1195-201.

Abstract

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and is present in more than 300 enzymatic systems, where it is crucial for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism. Deficiency states result in increased insulin resistance, as well as increased smooth muscle and platelet reactivity. Magnesium deficiency has been shown to correlate with a number of chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Intravenous magnesium has been used therapeutically in critical situations such as status asthmaticus, torsades de pointes, and preeclampsia. Few controlled studies exist regarding the therapeutic uses of oral magnesium supplementation in chronic cardiovascular diseases. Randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to determine whether magnesium supplementation will alter the natural history of these disease states.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / drug therapy
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / etiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus / physiopathology
  • Homeostasis / physiology
  • Humans
  • Magnesium / physiology
  • Magnesium / therapeutic use*
  • Magnesium Deficiency / complications
  • Magnesium Deficiency / diagnosis
  • Magnesium Deficiency / drug therapy*
  • Magnesium Deficiency / epidemiology
  • Myocardial Infarction / drug therapy
  • Myocardial Infarction / etiology
  • Myocardial Ischemia / drug therapy
  • Myocardial Ischemia / etiology

Substances

  • Magnesium